Pharmacology Part-1

PART-1

Pharmacology
           The history of Drug is as old as diseases. The world's oldest writings in pharmacology and therapeutics came from these two Asian countries India and China. These two oldest writing forms are Ayurveda from India and Pan-Tasko from China.
           The Word drug is Derived from french word drogue which laterally means Dry herb. The Word pharmacology came from Pharmacon And logos. pharmacon means active principle and logos means proper implementation. we can define Pharmacology as detailed study of drugs particularly there action on tissues,organs and living animals.

 IMPORTANT TERMS IN PHARMACOLOGY:


PHARMACY- The science of identification, selection, preservation, standardization, compounding & Dispensing of Medical substances.

Pharmacognosy- The Science that deals with the identification of drugs is known as pharmacognosy.

Drug- The Chemical substances which are used for diagnosis,prevention and treatment or cure of diseases or any substance(Product) used to modify or change the physical system of the recipient for beneficial means is known as Drug.

Pharmacodynamics- In simple it is defined as what the drug does to the body. Pharmacodynamics includes mechanism of action as well as physiological and biochemical effects of the drug. There is always a Does- Response Ratio. With increasing dose, the response increases. But at a particular point, with increasing dose there is no increase in response.

Pharmacokinetics- In simple it is defined as what the body does to the drug. Pharmacokinetics represents the movement of drug in the body and alteration of the drug by the body. Its includes- absorption, distribution, Metabolism and excretion of the drugs and there relationship to pharmacological responses.

Absorption- The amount of drug which is actually absorbed by the body. the more the absorption of the drug, the greater is the bioavailability.

Distribution- The Amount of the drug distributed in the body and ready to be metabolised.

Metabolism- The process by which drug is transformed in the simple form so that its action can be seen on the body. or process of conversion of drug into its simple form. When we take any drug for its biological action but, it is a foreign substance for the body. So, there is an inbuilt mechanism in the body which metabolizes these substances or drugs into its active or inactive forms. Metabolism is a very important process because its helps in easy excretion of the Drug. Liver is very important organ in the body which execute the process of metabolisation.  Hence liver is Called Metabolizing organ and every foreign particle or drug must have to pass through it.

Excretion- It is the last process of  pharmacokinetics. In this process the drug finally eliminated from the body. The route of drug excretion are kidney, feces,  sweat, saliva, breast milk,etc. Out of all this renal excretion is very common and mostly drug eliminated by this route only. A drug after its use by body is transformed into water soluble, non toxic and easily diffusible through the renal tissues.

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Pankaj Pathak
Admin Pharma Traino
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